The Space Launch System (SLS) is a super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle developed by NASA. It is the most powerful rocket ever successfully launched, surpassing the Saturn V that took astronauts to the Moon.
Development History
SLS development began in 2011 following the cancellation of the Constellation program. The program has faced numerous delays and cost overruns, originally targeting a 2017 launch but not flying until November 2022.
Artemis I Mission
The maiden flight, Artemis I, launched on November 16, 2022, sending the uncrewed Orion spacecraft on a 25-day mission around the Moon. The mission was a complete success, validating the rocket and spacecraft for future crewed missions.
Configuration
SLS uses:
- Four RS-25 engines (former Space Shuttle Main Engines)
- Two solid rocket boosters derived from the Space Shuttle
- Upper stage options (ICPS initially, EUS for later flights)
Block Versions
- Block 1: Initial version (95 tons to LEO)
- Block 1B: Upgraded upper stage (105 tons to LEO)
- Block 2: Future version with advanced boosters (130 tons to LEO)
Artemis Program
SLS is central to NASA's Artemis program, which aims to:
- Return humans to the Moon by the mid-2020s
- Establish the Lunar Gateway space station
- Create sustainable lunar infrastructure
- Prepare for eventual Mars missions
Despite criticism over costs and the expendable nature of the rocket, SLS represents NASA's commitment to deep space human exploration.