The Electron is a small-lift orbital rocket designed by Rocket Lab to provide dedicated launch services for small satellites. It pioneered the concept of frequent, dedicated small satellite launches.
Development History
Rocket Lab began developing Electron in 2014, with the first successful orbital launch on January 21, 2018 ("Still Testing"). The rocket was specifically designed for the growing small satellite market that was underserved by rideshare opportunities.
Unique Features
Electron introduced several innovations:
- Electric pump-fed engines: The Rutherford engines use battery-powered electric pumps instead of traditional turbopumps, enabling rapid production
- Carbon composite structure: Entire rocket body made from lightweight carbon fiber
- 3D-printed engines: All 10 engines (9 on first stage, 1 on second stage) are 3D printed
- Dedicated launches: Each mission carries a single customer's payload
Launch Capability
Despite its small size (18m tall), Electron can deliver up to 300 kg to low Earth orbit from its launch sites in New Zealand and the United States.
Recovery Development
Rocket Lab has been developing first-stage recovery:
- Parachute recovery system
- Helicopter catch attempts (successfully achieved in 2022)
- Goal of rapid reusability like Falcon 9, but for small satellites
Impact on the Industry
Electron proved that dedicated small satellite launches could be commercially viable, spawning numerous competitors and transforming the small satellite industry. As of 2025, Electron has completed over 50 successful orbital launches.